زهرة عباد الشمس: التعريف بها، أنواعها، زراعتها، الإعتناء بها

زهرة عبادة الشمس، بجمالها الباهر وحركتها الفريدة نحو الشمس، تعد من الزهور الأكثر سحرًا في الطبيعة؛ ونحن في موقع عالم النباتات WORLD OF PLANTS في هذه المقالة قمنا بالتعريف يزهرة عباد الشمس ثم قمنا بتحديد الموطن الأصلي لها، ثم وضحنا طرق زراعة زهرة عباد الشمس وكيفية الإعتناء بها، والكثير من الأمور الأخرى الخاصة بزهرة عباد الشمس التي يهتم بها قارئ موقعنا الكريم.

التعريف بزهرة عباد الشمس

زهرة عباد الشمس (Sunflower)، التي تعرف بالاسم العلمي (Helianthus annuus)، تنتمي لمملكة النباتات، وتتبع للعائلة النجمية، وهي من رتبة النجميات، وشعبة مغطاة البذور.

The original home of the sunflower

The Americas are the original home of the sunflower plant, and depending on its location, it needs high temperatures and a dry climate to grow successfully.

Morphological characteristics of sunflower

تمتلك نبتة عباد الشمس زهرة كبيرة، بمركز كبير ذو لون أسود تقريبًا، يتكون من آلاف الزهور الصغيرة التي تتحول لاحقًا لبذور مرتبة على شكل دَوَّامة وهي ذات بتلات صفراء فاقعة اللون، لها أوراق كبيرة وخشنة، تنمو النبتة لتصل لارتفاع يتراوح ما بين 1.5 متر إلى 3.5 متر.

The right environment for sunflowers

The following is a set of things that must be available in the planting area:

أولاً:- الوعاء أو القدر

The appropriate size of the plant pot depends on its type; That is, dwarf sunflowers need a pot with a capacity of 1 or 2 gallons, while large sunflowers need a pot with a capacity of at least 5 gallons.

The sunflower growing medium consists of a mixture of soil and compost, about 2.5 cm below the top edge of the pot.

The pot should have a bottom layer of gravel for aeration and drainage.

ثانياً:- الإضاءة والتهوية

Here are some points regarding lighting and ventilation for sunflowers:

تحتاج زهرة عباد الشمس للكثير من أشعة الشمس، أي يجب أن تتعرّض للشَّمس من 6 إلى 8 ساعات يوميًا؛ إذ إنها تنمو بالشكل الأمثل تحت أشعة الشمس المباشرة خلال صيفٍ طويلٍ وحارٍ.

In nature, worms and insects aerate the soil, so the air reaches the roots of the plant, and drainage channels for water are formed, thus distributing moisture evenly in the soil. However, when planting in containers, the soil must be aerated using sticks to create channels in it, and this is usually before watering.

ثالثاً:- درجة الحرارة

The sunflower thrives best in a warm climate, and it is also known to tolerate high temperatures, but the ideal temperature for flower growth ranges between 21-26 degrees Celsius, provided that the soil temperature when planting the seeds is at least between 13-16 degrees Celsius. Celsius.

Watering and feeding sunflowers

السقاية لزهرة عباد الشمس

Here are some points related to watering sunflowers:

When watering newly planted seeds, it is preferable to use a watering can or a sprinkler, so as not to remove the soil cover from above the seed, and so as not to move the seeds from the places where they were planted.

Whether the plant is planted in your garden or in a container, make sure there is good drainage to keep the flower's roots from rotting.

You must continue to water the seeds and seedlings daily during the germination period, in order to keep them from drying out.

Once the flower reaches maturity, water it with plenty of water intermittently to encourage root growth deep into the soil. If the weather is neither too dry nor too wet, water it once a week with several gallons of water.

Use a 5-7cm layer of organic mulch over the soil to protect it from drying out through evaporation, and to reduce weed growth around it.

When watering the young plant, spray water around the root area, at a distance of 7-10 cm

التغذية والتسميد لزهرة عباد الشمس

Here are some points about feeding and fertilizing sunflowers:

• Make sure to use fertilizer on soil that is poor in minerals and nutrients. The more nutrients the plant receives, the larger its flowers will be.
• Do not overuse fertilizer with a high percentage of nitrogen, as it delays the flowering process.
• Make sure to use fertilizer sparingly, because overusing it will cause the flower stem to fall off in the fall.
• Add diluted fertilizer to the irrigation water, and avoid placing it directly at the base of the plant. Because this may cause stem rot.
• A trench can be built in a circle around the plant, 45 cm from the base, and diluted fertilizer can be added weekly.
• Sunflowers grow vibrantly and energetically, growing up to two meters in length in 3 months, so it is wise to use slow-reacting granular fertilizers.
• Stop using fertilizer when the flower matures, in order to stimulate the growth of buds and flowers. If you continue using fertilizer, the flower will focus its energy on growing leaves, which will hinder the growth of buds and the flowering process.

Other aspects of sunflower care

أولاً:- تقليم أزهار عباد الشمس

Here are some points about pruning sunflowers:

• Make sure to sterilize your pruning tools, including gardening shears, before using them on your flower so you don't transfer diseases, fungal infections, or mold from one plant to another.
• Get rid of the dead or wilted parts first. For example, if you find some leaves that have withered and turned brown, pick them. You can stop there if you want to give your plant a wild character.
• You can trim a large group of flowers to give them an elegant shape to look like a fence.
• Water the flowers with plenty of water immediately after you finish pruning, to relieve them of the stress caused by pruning, and so that they grow back stronger.

ثانياً:- حصاد أزهار عباد الشمس

• If you want to harvest sunflowers to use later as a snack, or to feed the birds, do the following:
• When a sunflower begins to dry out and its face is facing the ground rather than the sun, check if the seeds are swollen and ripe, and cut the flower along with a portion of the stem about 60 cm long.
• Cover the flower with muslin or a burlap bag, and hang it in the garage or garden shed until it dries completely.

نصائح أخرى للعناية بزهرة عباد الشمس

Below are some tips for caring for sunflowers:

• It is possible to use snail poison around the stem of the plant to protect it.
• Use bamboo sticks to support long-stemmed sunflowers.
• Be sure to check your flowers and apply fungicides early if you notice any signs of them.
• Plants infected with fungi can be eliminated by removing them so that they do not transmit the infection to healthy flowers.
• Keep your garden clean from the growth of weeds, as they are one of the factors that infect flowers with fungi.
• Sunflowers do not attract many insects, but gray moths lay their eggs in the flowers.
• If the moth infects the entire crop, you can spray the flowers with entomopathogenic bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis). Once the larvae hatch, they will feed on the bacteria and die.
• Water the plant whenever the soil dries to a depth of 5 cm.
• If you have squirrels that like to eat your seeds, you can mix some ground cayenne pepper into the soil around the plant to keep them away.
• If birds try to steal the seeds before they grow, place a net over the field until they grow into seedlings.

The sunflower plant is considered one of the most important oil plants in our country and ranks first in terms of oil consumption. Türkiye meets 50% of crude vegetable oil from sunflower. Since the oil plant does not meet the production needs in Türkiye, it is imported from abroad to cover this gap. For this reason, the Ministry of Agriculture included sunflowers among the subsidized plants, as subsidy premiums are paid to sunflower producers based on weight.

Although the majority of sunflower growing areas are spread in the Thrace region, the Konya region has shown a significant increase in this area, especially in recent years. The Konya region has important advantages in terms of sunflower cultivation, both for oil purposes and for seed production. In 2011, there was a state subsidy of 23 piasters per kilogram of oilseed sunflowers.

المتطلبات المناخية لزهرة عباد الشمس

Sunflowers can be grown in areas that receive 700-800 mm of rainfall annually or 350-400 mm per growing season. But since the rainfall in the Konya region does not exceed 100-150 mm, it must be planted irrigated. In order for sunflower seeds to germinate, the soil temperature must be 8-10 degrees. It is negatively affected by temperatures below this. The sunflower plant, during the period of growth of the first two leaves, is able to withstand low temperatures of up to -5 degrees below zero. The plant's resistance to low temperature gradually decreases until it reaches 6-8 leaves. Its adaptability is high compared to many plants. Growing sunflowers requires an optimum temperature of 21-24 degrees during the day.

تحضير التربة لزهرة عباد الشمس

The purpose of soil treatment in sunflower cultivation is to ensure plant residues are mixed into the soil, eliminate weeds, prepare a suitable foundation for seeds, and provide moisture, aeration and temperature for germination and growth. For this purpose, the field that will be planted with sunflowers is plowed to a depth of 20-25 cm at an appropriate time, as the field can be plowed in the fall after removing the previous crop. Sunflowers need a moist foundation in order to germinate properly. To achieve this, when the soil is ready in the spring, it is plowed using a cultivator to a depth of 10-15 cm and prepared for planting.

وفي الختام، نود ان ننوه علي اننا نحن في موقع عالم النباتات WORLD OF PLANTS نقدم لك كل ما يلزمك من خدمات في عالم النباتات، فنحن نقدم لكل المزارعين والمهتمين بالنباتات ثلاث خدمات رئيسية هي:-

1. خدمة تقديم الاستشارات بالذكاء الاصطناعي لمساعدتك في التعرف على الأمراض التي تصيب النباتات وكيفية التعامل معها.
2. مدونة عن النباتات والأمراض التي تصيب النباتات والعناية بمختلف المحاصيل … انت تتصفح الآن إحدى مقالاتها الآن.
3. تطبيق يقوم بتقديم استشارات زراعية للعملاء وايضاً خدمة تصوير الأمراض ومعرفة علاجها مجانا – انقر لتحميل نسخة الأندرويد من متجر جوجل بلاي, أنقر لتحميل نسخة IOS من متجر تطبيقات أبل.

the reviewer

زراعة عباد الشمس – موقع konyaseker
كيف أعتني بزهرة عباد الشمس؟ – موضوع زراعة