Sesame is affected at all stages of its life by many diseases, including Sesame root rot disease. And in this article on your site botanist WORLD of PLANTS, we will review the causes and symptoms of Sesame root rot disease and how to effectively combat it to maintain plant health.
Sesame root rot disease
مرض عفن جذور Root-rot disease السمسم، المسببات المرضية هي Casual pathogens، ويسبب هذا المرض العديد من المسببات المرضية الفطرية الكامنة بالتربة وهي: Macrophomina phaseolina ,Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium solani , Sclerotium rolfsii , Phytophthora parasitica var. Sesame.
Pathological symptoms of Sesame root rot disease
The pathological symptoms of Symptoms on infected plants are characterized in the form of yellowing, wilting of plants and falling of their leaves with the ease of removing infected plants from the soil as a result of rot and death of the roots, and the pathological symptoms caused by each fungus differ from the previous fungi on the infected roots as follows :
Infection is caused by M fungus. Phaseolina refers to the ease of removing the outer shell of the affected root, where small charred black dots are visible below the outer shell, which are the stone bodies of the fungus . One of the characteristic symptoms of Rhizoctonia solani fungus is the appearance of blackish-brown sores with a characteristic suffocation at the root contact area with the stem (crown area). the infection spreads to the whole root and causes the death of the plant when the infection intensifies. Infection with the fungus Fusarium solani is characterized by the presence of bright red stripes in the longitudinal sector of the root with reddish-brown rot at the tips of the affected root .
Infection with both fungi Phytophthora parasitica, Sclerotium rolfsii, is characterized by the presence of watery rot of the root, where the root infected with these fungi appears as if immersed in water, where it takes a boiled appearance and has an unpleasant odor, and then turns into dry rot, and the fungus may infect the entire root system or may be in limited parts of the root. The root infection may be infected with one of these fungi and some or all of them, and the root infection results in the weakness and dwarfism of plants as a result of the lack of secondary roots and wilting, and when the infection intensifies, the plant dies.
Favorable conditions for the emergence and spread of Sesame root rot disease
The appearance and spread of the disease and the occurrence of infection is suitable for moderate heat and high moisture content in the soil as a result of abundant watering, the proximity of irrigation periods and the high water level of the ground as a result of poor drainage, as well as watering plants at noon, where the soil temperature is high, which leads to the Watering is caused by uneven soil surface, as for the infection with the M fungus. Phaseolina is suitable for soil compaction.
Resistance to Disease control of Sesame root rot disease
- Constantly develop resistant varieties where the resistance characteristic of Sesame is not constant .
- Cultivation of resistant varieties such as the shandwell variety (3) and the energy variety (2)
- Use at least a triple agricultural cycle.
- Moderate watering with no drenching and no watering in the afternoon with no thirst to avoid infection with the M fungus. Phaseolina .
- Do not overdo nitrogen fertilization and pay attention to phosphate and potash fertilization.
- Treatment of pollen before planting with one of the fungicidal disinfectants for the seed, such as rhizolex-t at a rate of 3 g/kg seed with the use of gum arabic concentration of 5% as an adhesive at least 24-48 hours before planting .
Characteristic symptoms of Sesame root rot disease
The fungus attacks the seeds before their germination and causes them to rot and prevent the emergence of sprouts above the soil surface.the fungus can infect seeds before germination, cause rotting and prevent the emergence of sprouts above the soil surface.
The fungus attacks small seedlings and a watery spot appears on the plant stem with the area of contact with the soil surface, which leads to dormancy and death of seedlings when the fungus attacks large seedlings, brown oblong-shaped spots appear that increase in length and width until they surround the plant stem, which leads to the death of the plant.
Infection occurs wilting and drying of the vegetative aggregate.
Its symptoms appear in the form of dark brown sores on the roots that cause the death of the seedlings, and with the progression of the infection, the sores spread to the whole root and the death of the plant at the end, and the infection leads to easy removal of the outer shell of the roots and the appearance of black dots underneath and helps the spread of the disease increased ground moisture and excessive nitrogen fertilization and the disease leads to a lack of secondary roots and stunted plants and eventually die.
Combating sesame root rot disease
The control is carried out using the following methods:
- Cultivating resistant varieties and following a long agricultural cycle (not less than three years).
- Burn the remains of infected plants.
- Moderation in watering and fertilizing, attention to phosphate and potash fertilizing and at the appropriate depth.
- Planting is on time.
- Sterilize the seeds before planting.
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References
Diagnosis and resistance of Sesame diseases-Kenana online
Crops-sesame-fungal diseases-seedling death-root rot-world of Agriculture
Diseases that affect sesame-Galaxy
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