Grapes: definition, how to grow them, diseases, and caring for them
Introduction to grapes
It is a perennial vine. Flowers and fruits develop on new shoots called canes... The flowers are pollinated by wind and insects.
Vines can be trained into many decorative forms.
Grapes contain various compounds, such as resveratrol and quercetin, which have been shown to have anti-cancer properties and may help prevent the growth of tumors.
Grapes have a high water content, making them a hydrating snack that can help maintain proper hydration levels in the body
Grapes contain various antioxidants, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, which may help protect the eyes
Basic care guide
- Crimson Seedless: These red-skinned grapes are decidedly sweet, have a perfectly crisp texture and are well-suited for fresh eating.
- Sultana: Sultana grapes have bright green skin and small, oval, seedless fruits. These grapes are very sweet, which is why they are often dried and made into white raisins.
- Niagara: This grape is known for its bright green skin and sweet but tart flavor that works well for making homemade grape juice or jelly.
- Concord: Dark, fine skin and sweet flesh.
- Black Monuka: The formed bunches of grapes ripen in mid-summer and have a delicious sweet taste with perfect crunch.
- Original home :
- Caucasus and the Middle East region
- Nickname
grape
- Platoon Vitaceae
Suitable lighting for him:
- The overall optimum temperature for grapevine growth is between 77 and 90 degrees F (25 to 32 degrees C). Any temperature below this optimum range leads to limited vegetative growth... Temperatures higher than the optimum range lead to a reduction in the photosynthesis rate of the grape vine due to increased perspiration.
- The number of primordial clusters increases with increasing light intensity, and the fruiting of new buds depends on the daily duration of high light intensity falling on the bud itself and not on the entire plant. In general, higher levels of radiation, both in intensity and duration, result in increased production and/or sugar content
The amount of water needed
- Young grapes require about one-half to one inch of water per week, depending on rainfall, for the first two years during the growing season.
- When watering young vines, saturate the root zone. Apply 5 gallons of water to a 3-by-3-foot area to get 1 inch of water.
- Plants grown in pots require regular watering until the roots are established and the leaves are acclimated to growing outdoors. It is helpful to monitor these plants daily to ensure they are not suffering from drought stress.
- By the end of the second growing season, a stem should be established. Apply water only to the root zone. Avoid getting grape leaves wet as this can encourage many grape diseases.
- Reduce watering of young vines in the fall to encourage the plant to harden its canes in preparation for winter.
- Older vines rarely need watering except in sandy or other well-drained soil.
Suitable living conditions
- Late maturing varieties thrive in cool climates…. Other varieties such as Chardonnay or Cabernet Sauvignon can grow successfully in a variety of climates. However, their flavor and structural profiles will vary distinctly from cold to hot climates.
- Grape trees are susceptible to spring or fall frost. Cold snap in the spring may damage or kill developing buds, resulting in significant crop loss that season.
The most suitable soil for growing grapes is sandy loam or light loam with loose soil, moderate porosity and small bulk density. Good ventilation and drainage.
The thickness of the soil layer is more than 1 meter, and the texture is good. The distribution of the root system should be deep and wide. Branches and vines grow vigorously and have strong resistance to stress.
-PH values in general are 5-7, and the most suitable PH value is 6-6.5. The PH value is lower than 5 or higher than 8 and grapes do not grow well
Find out what light your plants are actually getting.
Find the best locations for them to improve their health, simply using your phone.
How to plant seeds
- Inspect the seeds to make sure they are healthy and in good condition. Gently squeeze the seed between two fingers. A healthy seed is firm to the touch.
- Look at the color of the seed. In healthy grape seeds, you will be able to see the light gray or white endosperm under the seed coat.
- Put them in the water. Healthy, viable seeds will sink when placed in water. Discard any seeds that float
- Take the viable seeds and wash them well to remove any pulp or other matter. Soak them in a small amount of distilled water for up to 24 hours
- Fill an airtight bag with a soft material such as wet paper towels, sand, vermiculite, or wet peat moss. Peat moss is the best choice for grape seeds because its antifungal properties will help eliminate seed-destroying mold.
- Tuck the seeds into the bag. Cover them with about 1.25 cm of growing medium.
- Place the seeds in the refrigerator.
- In early spring, take the seeds out of the refrigerator and plant them in pots filled with good soil. Plant the seeds individually in small pots or in larger pots spaced at least 1 1/2 inches (3.8 cm) apart.
- Seeds need daytime temperatures of at least 70°F (20°C) and night temperatures of about 60°F (15°C) to germinate properly.
- Keep the soil moist but not too wet. Spray the surface with a fine mist of water when it begins to dry.
- Grape seeds usually take between 2-8 weeks to germinate
Fertilization care
- In early spring when new growth begins to appear and again after about a month, but do not fertilize after mid-summer. Fertilizing too late in the season will promote tender new growth that is vulnerable to damage from frost or early freezes, which can be detrimental to overall health.
- Grapevines respond well to a balanced fertilizer such as 10-10-10
Pruning
- Grapes should be pruned every winter or spring. An important step for growing grapes, because it helps it produce a healthy crop
- 80-90% of new growth is pruned each winter. This is because grapes are produced on new shoots and not on old branches.
- The exact process of pruning grapes depends on how you decide to plant them in your garden and how much space you have. But in general, grapevines are pruned to 1-2 trunks, 2-4 collars (woody arms), and spurs that contain buds that will produce the following season's fruit.
- If you have an arbor or pergola, grape vines can be planted on top of it to produce shade. If shade is your goal, prune less.
- After the first season,. Choose 1-2 healthy main sticks, then remove the rest. Cut all side canes branching off from the main cane... Tie this cane to a stake or fence and encourage it to grow upright. Remove the top of the main cane to force the vine to grow side shoots the following season.
- During the second summer, train the side shoots onto a trellis or fence, parallel to the ground, on either side of the trunk.
- Once the trunk reaches the trellis and is the height you want, and the side collars (arms) are formed, prune the vine every winter or spring before growth begins.
- Alaskan disease: splitting the deltoid lengthwise, and placing a piece of wood or stone in the place of the crack between the two lobes in order to make the heart of the tree vulnerable to air, as this leads to stopping the development of the disease, given that the fungus prefers a closed atmosphere inside the wood tissues. In this way, the infected deltoid can heal if There is a sufficient healthy portion left...Chemical control: fungicides used (azoxystrobin - captan - copper sulfate - fungicidal soap - kresoxim - methyl - mancozeb).
- Insects such as: the eastern red wasp, the grape branch borer, the grape leafworm, the grape fruit moth, and the grape moth: appropriate insecticides must be used.
Suggested use
- Grapes are used for table, juice, jelly and jam.
- Grapes are used in making skin care products.
- Grapes are used to make substances that fight skin aging.
- Reducing air temperature in the summer, and increasing shade areas.
- Climbers to add beautiful coordination to your garden.
Fruiting stage
It is possible to obtain fruit a year after planting.
The appropriate time for planting grapes starts from mid-February to April each year
additional information
- Plant age
Grapevines can live for over 125 years, and their production tends to gradually decline once they reach around 20-25 years of age.
- Plant age
6-8 feet (2-2.5 m)
- Flowering stage
April-May. The fruits ripen in September and October
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