Grape leaf worm
- The scientific name : Celerio lineata livornica
- The type of disease : Insect
- the family : Lepidoptera
- Symptoms of grape leaf worm:
Small caterpillars puncture the leaves at the beginning of the infection, and when the caterpillar becomes very voracious, it devours the entire leaf. This causes damage to the vegetative complex, reducing the production rate.
– Symptoms appear in the form of small circles in the center of the leaf.
- Symptoms also appear in the form of an eroded arc around the perimeter of the leaf.
The most important features that you notice are that the larvae of this pest are very ferocious and voracious, as one larvae can devour 100 leaves within several days.
-A picture showing you the beginning of the grape leaf worm infection
*Description of the insect:
- A spindle-shaped butterfly with narrow wings. The dominant color is brown to olive-tan on the back wing, and the red color extends to the top.
The larva is large, green in color, with a red line running down the middle of the body from the top, and two yellow lines running on either side of it, interrupted in each ring by a yellow spot with a black center.
- The virgin is shackled and brown
-A picture that shows you what the complete insect looks like.
-A picture that shows you what the Virgin looks like.
-A picture that shows you what the caterpillar looks like.
- Causes of grape leaf worm:
- Insect hosts: The insect spreads on sweet potatoes, tobacco, strawberries, and some herbs, so the presence of one of these families next to the grape tree leads to the infestation being transmitted to it.
- The presence of other insect pests.
- Failure to take care of coating grape trees with limescale during the hot summer months (August, June) contributes to infection caused by high temperature, as it causes wounds on the tree.
- Warm weather.
- Do not plow the soil deeply.
- Neglecting pruning.
- Failure to carry out appropriate agricultural operations for the tree, including balanced fertilization and irrigation.
- Leaving weeds and plant residues without removing.
- Suitable conditions for the spread of grape leaf worm:
- Climatic conditions (mating requires good temperature and low humidity)
- The presence of infected neighboring crops.
- The presence of harmful weeds under the grape tree.
- Grape leaf worm development cycle:
- She spends the winter in the form of a virgin inside a clay cocoon that turns into a butterfly at the beginning of April
- The butterfly lays its eggs on the upper surface of the leaves (50-100 eggs).
- The pupae feed on the leaves of the plant, turn into pupae in July, and give the second generation in August
- The insect has two generations per year
- Losses from the spread of grape leafworm
- It strips trees of their leaves
- Infected plants are weakened and encourage new pests such as (apple stem borer M., wood and stem borers, vine stem borer, grape phylloxera, night moth)
- The economic damage threshold was estimated to be between 35% in the case of a weak injury and 80% in the case of a severe injury.
-A picture showing the symptoms of a severe infection.
- Control strategy
- Preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of grape leaf worm
- Collect any infected parts (borrowed leaves) and burn them.
- Fertilizing with nitrogen, phosphorus and potash to give the tree an immune dose against pests.
- Taking care of basic pruning operations in winter.
- Monitor periodically to ensure that parts of it are free of caterpillars and adult butterflies.
- Regular watering of the tree helps strengthen its immunity, raise the humidity around the trunk, and prevent the pest from multiplying
- Chemical and organic control recommendations against grape leaf worm
- Organic control: Collect butterflies and caterpillars by hand and dispose of them.
- The Trichogramma parasite can be used to parasitize insect eggs.
- Pheromone traps can be used
- Chemical control: The tree can be sprayed with Diptrex, Sevin, Gemini, or other contact pesticides.
- References
- Mijuskovic, M., & Badulovic, S. (1960). Mass appearance Of Celerio lineata Fabr. Var. livornica Esp. on vines near Titograd in 1958. Plant Protection, (61).
- YOUNUS, M. F., KAMALUDDIN, S., & ATTIQUE, T. (2014). Revision of the genus Hyles Hübner (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae: Macroglossinae) from Pakistan and its cladistic relationship. FUUAST Journal of Biology, 4(2), 173-180
- Sevastopulo, D. G. (1984). Some additional food-plants for Palaearctic Sphingidae (Lepidoptera). Entomologist's Gazette, 35(1), 4-5
Links:
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19630500516
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