Large bean beetle
- Name of the disease
Large bean beetle Bruchus rufimanus Boh
- The scientific name
Bruchus rufimanus Boh
- Type of disease Family of disease
Type: Insectivorous
Disease family: Lariidae
- Symptoms of the large bean beetle
Circular holes a little over 1 mm in diameter occur in the seeds of large, dry bean seeds saved from a previous crop and the larvae-like larvae are about 5 mm long and feed on the seed cotyledons. Adults are spotted beetles four millimeters long with black, brown and white scales, which can be found along with the seeds.
The species most closely associated with large bean seeds in Britain is Bruchus rufimanus and other seed beetle species are associated with the dried seeds of other legumes.
- Causes of the large bean beetle
Autumn crops are at increased risk as flowering and pod formation are likely to coincide with adult activity.
- Suitable conditions for the spread of the large bean beetle
It is active in the spring with its warm sun, moderate temperature, and blooming plant flowers.
- Disease development cycle
The female lays eggs on the green bean pods during February and March, and the small larvae remain inside the grain until the bean is harvested. Then they turn into pupae in late August and early September, then they turn into a juvenile insect inside the bean and remain inside the bean until the grain is planted and the cotyledons open, then the beetles emerge. They hide under tree bark, in weeds, and in the soil until the pods of the new crop are formed. As for stored dry grains, the young beetles remain inside them until they die because they are unable to exit the seed. Therefore, infected bean seeds are considered the source of infection for the next crop.
- Photos of the disease at its beginning and after its spread, in high quality, at least 5 photos in high quality
- Losses of disease spread
This is amazing The insect only infects plants Beans have one generation per year, and they infect green bean pods during the months of February and March. The yellow larvae that entered the green beans remain inside the beans until harvest. This pest does not reproduce inside warehouses because it cannot infect dry beans.
- Control strategy
- Mechanical control
- Physical control (tillage, sanitation, pruning, solarization)
- Insecticides
- Preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of the disease
Planting spring crops later can reduce the risk of damage. Autumn crops are at increased risk as flowering and pod formation are likely to coincide with adult activity.
- Chemical control recommendations
lambda cyhalothrin
zeta cypermethrin
deltamethrin
- Anti-membership recommendations
The infestation can be reduced by selecting uninfected pomegranate seeds when planting. A parasite of the Braconida family, order Hymenoptera, has been found attacking the larvae of this insect in the field.
All references and their links must be mentioned
https://mail.almerja.com/reading.php?idm=115716
https://www.hindawi.org/books/36829690/
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