# mildew_on_cabbage:
Bacterial soft rot of cabbage:
Soft rot is considered one of the most dangerous bacterial diseases that affect cabbage plants in warm, humid weather. It infects plants in the field and during storage. The largest percentage of losses occurs during storage. It is more severe on plants when plants lack calcium and when nitrogen fertilization increases. This disease represents a serious threat due to the large number Among its host plants, it infects potatoes, carrots, squash, tomatoes, cucumbers, watermelon, cabbage, and cauliflower.
#pathogen:
There are several genera of bacteria that can cause soft rot:
Soft rots are caused by
several bacteria, most commonly
Pectobacterium carotovorum (previously
called Erwinia carotovora), Dickeya
dadantii (previously called Erwinia
chrysanthemi), and certain species of Pseudomonas,
Bacillus and Clostridium.
# Conditions suitable for the disease:
The infection occurs in a wide range of temperatures from 26.7 to 21°C.
Wet conditions after periods of wet weather cause free moisture on the leaves.
The minimum temperature for the spread of the disease (2-6°C) and the maximum temperature (35-41°C)
Bacteria die at temperatures higher than 50°C.
# Disease course:
Bacteria are permanently present in the soil and in decomposing plant waste. They infect plants through natural openings: stomata on the surface of the leaves and glands located at the edges of the leaves, which are called hydathodes.
And wounds caused by agricultural tools during crop service operations, or as a result of insects, or as a result of growth cracks, or wounds resulting from cold, or burns on leaves from fertilizers.
It is also spread from one plant to another by spraying water, insects, irrigation water, and contaminated tools, especially harvesting knives.
#Disease spread:
Bacteria are present in most soils, and the pathogen is spread by irrigation water, rain, and by insects. It enters the plant through the various wounds it is exposed to and reproduces rapidly by dividing in half every 20-60 minutes in the presence of appropriate conditions (18-30 °C) in the spaces between Cells produce enzymes that break down cell walls and the middle lamina that connects the cells
# Symptoms:
Symptoms appear on the outer leaves of the head, especially those that come into contact with the soil or rub against the soil and move to the head. Symptoms appear as small spots immersed in water that expand with time and become soft and sunken and progress to affect the inner leaves of the head with a change in color to brown and then to black.
In severe cases, the leaves, stems and roots completely decompose and the tissue collapses within a few days, emitting a strong unpleasant odor.
# Soft mold control:
There is no cure for soft rot, so agricultural practices, the most important of which is avoiding humid conditions, are the first key to controlling the disease, and an integrated control method must be followed according to the following:
– The agricultural cycle is for 2-3 years with corn, grains, legumes and beets.
1- Planting resistant varieties.
2- Planting disinfected seeds.
3- Agriculture in fertile soil.
4 - Plant in well-drained soil and avoid planting in water-saturated soil.
5 - Planting within the agricultural density specified for the variety to provide sufficient space for plants for ventilation.
6 - Plant with caution to prevent damage to the seedlings.
7 – Balanced nutrition and avoiding excess nitrogen fertilization.
8 - Avoid planting in shady places.
9 – Avoid overhead irrigation, regulate irrigation, and avoid frequent irrigation during head development.
10 - Controlling insects using pyrethroid compounds.
11 - Get rid of the infected plants immediately and backfill them into the soil away from the cultivated field.
12- Avoid harming plants when weeding.
13 – Preventive spraying with copper fungicides.
14 – Sterilization of agricultural equipment.
15 - Harvest during dry conditions and avoid wounding plants.
16 - Disinfect warehouses with copper sulphate to prevent head injury.
17 – Storage at a temperature below 3.9°C and a humidity of 90-95%.
18- Place layers of paper or straw between the heads of cabbage to prevent damage.
preventive measures
Agricultural rotation should be followed with crops such as corn and soybeans
- Also avoid planting peppers after cabbage
The field must be plowed deeply to reduce the number of bacteria in the soil
Paying attention also to planting, weed control, and harvesting operations, and avoiding causing any wounds to the plants.
Sanitation guarantee -
Do not overuse nitrogen fertilizers or excessive irrigation.
Getting rid of infected plants and the remains of the previous crop.
Chemical control
You must always follow an integrated approach of preventive methods with biological control. Treatment of seeds and fruits after harvest
A diluted solution of 1% sodium hypochloride can reduce
The possibility of contracting the disease
the reviewer:
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