Cigar Float Rot is a fungal disease that affects bananas and greatly affects the quality of the crop. In this article from “WORLD OF PLANTS,” learn about the most important symptoms of this disease and ways to prevent it.
Introduction to cigar float rot disease in bananas
This disease spreads in many banana farms, especially old farms and in crops that are not properly maintained or cleaned of weeds and banana plant waste. The cause: the fungus Verticillium theobromae.
The fungus is a mycelium with divided hyphae, on which emerge thin, dark-colored conidia that grow vertically, and on which are short, undivided branches with a pointed apex. These branches are arranged on the conidia in successive rings, each ring consisting of 3-5 branches arranged circularly, and at its end, transparent, rectangular conidial spores are formed. Or cylindrical, single-celled or two-celled
Symptoms of cigar powder mildew in bananas
This disease affects the outer edge of the banana fruit, and destroys the peel of the fruit and the pulp in this area, making it appear dry and take on the appearance of a burnt cigar. Therefore, this disease was called cigarette ash.
Suitable conditions for the spread of cigar down rot disease in bananas
This disease spreads in neglected banana farms in which the remains of leaves and plants are not disposed of after harvesting their fruits (mothers). The appearance of this disease is mainly linked to the availability of specific thermal conditions (approximately 25°C), and therefore its appearance in Fayoum Governorate begins early (at the beginning of Spring season, then its spread extends northward as weather conditions improve and the appropriate temperature becomes available until it appears in the northern governorates in late May and June.
Symptoms and damage of cigar fluff rot in bananas
Banana fruits at various stages of their growth in the field are infected with many pathogens that lead to their rotting when wounds occur resulting from service operations or sand-laden winds. For example, immature banana fruits in the field are infected with cigar end rot resulting from the fungus Verticillum theobromae. The fruit is affected in the area of the pink end, which becomes black and the skin becomes wrinkled and becomes dry, covered with a grayish, powdery-looking layer of fungal spores, so that the tip of the fruit takes the shape of the tip of a burnt cigar. Wind and rain spread spores that overwinter in crop residue to healthy fruits. The necks of the fingers are also infected with molds resulting from the fungi Fusarium spp and the fungus Gloeosporium musarum, as the fingers easily fall off the paws, especially in the ripening rooms. There is also Btryodiploid rot resulting from infection with the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae, which causes huge losses in the crop during the artificial ripening of fruits and during marketing. This fungus causes apical rot under the decaying floral cover that appears regularly along the fruit, the skin of which is blackened, and fungal growths appear on it bearing the fungi in the sexual phase. The pulp of the affected fruits becomes soft and semi-liquid in the final stages, accompanied by a pungent aromatic odor. Ripe fruits are more susceptible to infection than those that are not yet ripe.
Bananas are also infected with black tip rot caused by the fungus Helminthosporium torulosum, Thielaviopsis rot caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa, and aspergillus rot caused by the fungus Aspergillus niger. These are wound parasites that infect fruits in the field and during storage, varying in severity depending on the percentage of humidity and temperature prevailing in the store.
Avoiding wounds and scratches is the most important way to combat fruit rot.
Prevention and treatment of cigar float rot disease in bananas
- Affected flowers should be removed from the plant.
- Avoiding wounds and scratches is the most important way to combat fruit rot.
- Bunches should be packed using perforated polyethylene.
- Spraying pesticides that contain the active ingredient Chlorothalonil
- Clean packing, good cooling after harvest,
- Immersing fruits in a solution of Benomyl at 1000 ppm or aureofungin 100 ppm helps reduce stains.
Organic control ForThe disease of the cigar rot parasite in bananas
Baking soda-based sprays can be used to control fungus. To make this sprayable solution, dissolve 100 grams of baking soda with 50 grams of soap in 2 liters of water. Then spray this mixture on the affected branches and nearby branches to prevent infection. This increases the pH levels of the finger surface and prevents fungal growth. Spraying with copper fungicides may also be effective.
Chemical control For cigar down rot disease in bananas
Always consider an integrated approach with preventive measures together with biological treatments if available. The disease usually has little adverse effect and rarely requires chemical monitoring. Affected bunches can be sprayed with mancozeb, trimethyl, or metalaxyl once and covered with plastic sleeves afterward.
Preventative measurements For cigar down rot disease in bananas
- Avoid causing damage to banana tissue during harvesting and packing and storage.
- Use plastic sleeves after the jaws appear to protect them from pollution.
- Packaging, manufacturing and storage facilities must be cleaned To prevent post-harvest contamination.
- You can wash fruits with water to rid the skin of spores Fungal.
- As well as removing decaying leaves and remaining flower parts.
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sources:-
Cigar end rot on bananas - al-hakem
Cigar Float Rot Disease in Bananas - almerja
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