The disease of yellowing lemon leaves (honglongping) is one of the common problems facing lemon growers, as it negatively affects plant health and productivity. In this article on your website botanist WORLD of PLANTS, we will discuss the causes of this problem and the best ways to treat and prevent it to ensure healthy growth of lemon trees.
Symptoms of lemon leaf yellowing disease (honglongping)
- Name of the disease: هونغلونغبينغ (Huanglongbing) أو Greening Lemon
- Scientific name: Candidatus liberibacter spp. (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.)
- Type of disease: Bacterial disease
- The platoon: Rhizobiaceae (Rhizobiaceae)
Honglongping (HLB), also known as Greening Lemon, is a devastating bacterial disease that affects citrus trees, including lemons. The main symptom is yellowing or staining of the leaves with spots, which may look similar to the symptoms of a lack of nutrients. However, the yellowing pattern is asymmetric, in which one side of the Leaf remains green while the other side turns yellow. As the disease progresses, the leaves may become thick, leathery and twisted, and the veins may become scaly and protruding. Affected trees may also show terminal tops, premature shedding of fruits. Fruits from infected trees are deformed in shape, colored, with a bitter taste.
Causes of lemon leaf yellowing disease (honglongping)
Lemon yellowing is caused mainly by bacteria of the genus Candidatus Liberibacter, which are limited to plant bark and transmitted by insect vectors. The main carriers of the disease are the Asian citrus bug (Diaphorina citri) and the African citrus bug (Trioza erytreae). These bacteria invade and multiply in the bark tissues of the plant, which leads to disturbances in the transport of nutrients and water.
Favorable conditions for the spread of lemon leaf yellowing disease (honglongping)
The spread of the disease depends mainly on the presence and spread of the disease-carrying bacilli. The disease can spread rapidly within orchards if the population of pistils is not controlled. Bacteria can also be transmitted by transporting contaminated seedlings or breeding material. Environmental factors such as high temperatures and vegetative growth cycles that encourage the reproduction of pistils increase the spread of the disease.
The course of lemon leaf yellowing disease (honglongping)
The disease cycle begins with the transition of the bacterium-carrying mycelium to the healthy tree and the injection of bacteria into the bark tissues of the plant. Bacteria multiply and spread through the vascular system of the plant, causing the characteristic symptoms of yellowing disease.
Losses of lemon leaf yellowing disease (honglongping)
Lemon yellowing disease causes significant economic losses in citrus production worldwide, as it can lead to the complete loss of infected citrus trees and orchards. The disease reduces the yield and quality of fruits, the affected trees usually deteriorate and die within a few years. In areas where the disease is widespread, the entire citrus industry may be threatened, which will lead to significant economic effects.
Strategies to combat lemon leaf yellowing disease (honglongping)
Strategies to combat lemon yellowing include an integrated approach that combines the use of disease-free seedlings, the control of insect vectors by spraying insecticides and biocontrol agents, the removal and destruction of infected trees. The correct use of resistant or tolerant varieties and preventive measures such as bio-drainage and monitoring programs are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.
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